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1 octane ratio
speed ratio — передаточное число, передаточное отношение
reflux ratio — коэффициент дефлегмации; флегмовое число
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > octane ratio
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2 octane ratio
Химия: октановое число -
3 octane ratio
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4 ratio
1. n отношение, коэффициент; пропорция; соотношение2. n тех. передаточное число3. n эк. коэффициент покрытия, норма обеспечения4. v устанавливать отношение, соотношение, пропорциюsex ratio — процентное, численное соотношение полов
5. v фото увеличивать или уменьшать снимок в определённой кратностиСинонимический ряд:proportion (noun) degree; division; fraction; frequency; percentage; proportion; quota; quotient; rate; relationship; scale -
5 reduction ratio
1. передаточное число2. передаточное отношениеsex ratio — процентное, численное соотношение полов
3. степень обжатия4. масштаб уменьшенияEnglish-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > reduction ratio
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6 axle ratio
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7 cost-to-work ratio
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > cost-to-work ratio
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8 drive ratio
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9 epicyclic drive ratio
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > epicyclic drive ratio
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10 pin-to-gate ratio
число выводов корпуса, приходящееся на один логический элементEnglish-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > pin-to-gate ratio
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11 unitary drive ratio
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > unitary drive ratio
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12 velocity ratio
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13 gear ratio
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14 neutron-proton ratio
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > neutron-proton ratio
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15 gear ratio
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > gear ratio
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16 reduction gear ratio
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > reduction gear ratio
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17 saponification ratio
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > saponification ratio
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18 Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
[br]b. 26 January 1885 London, Englandd. 18 May 1974 Graffham, Sussex, England[br]English mechanical engineer; researcher, designer and developer of internal combustion engines.[br]Harry Ricardo was the eldest child and only son of Halsey Ricardo (architect) and Catherine Rendel (daughter of Alexander Rendel, senior partner in the firm of consulting civil engineers that later became Rendel, Palmer and Tritton). He was educated at Rugby School and at Cambridge. While still at school, he designed and made a steam engine to drive his bicycle, and by the time he went up to Cambridge in 1903 he was a skilled craftsman. At Cambridge, he made a motor cycle powered by a petrol engine of his own design, and with this he won a fuel-consumption competition by covering almost 40 miles (64 km) on a quart (1.14 1) of petrol. This brought him to the attention of Professor Bertram Hopkinson, who invited him to help with research on turbulence and pre-ignition in internal combustion engines. After leaving Cambridge in 1907, he joined his grandfather's firm and became head of the design department for mechanical equipment used in civil engineering. In 1916 he was asked to help with the problem of loading tanks on to railway trucks. He was then given the task of designing and organizing the manufacture of engines for tanks, and the success of this enterprise encouraged him to set up his own establishment at Shoreham, devoted to research on, and design and development of, internal combustion engines.Leading on from the work with Hopkinson were his discoveries on the suppression of detonation in spark-ignition engines. He noted that the current paraffinic fuels were more prone to detonation than the aromatics, which were being discarded as they did not comply with the existing specifications because of their high specific gravity. He introduced the concepts of "highest useful compression ratio" (HUCR) and "toluene number" for fuel samples burned in a special variable compression-ratio engine. The toluene number was the proportion of toluene in heptane that gave the same HUCR as the fuel sample. Later, toluene was superseded by iso-octane to give the now familiar octane rating. He went on to improve the combustion in side-valve engines by increasing turbulence, shortening the flame path and minimizing the clearance between piston and head by concentrating the combustion space over the valves. By these means, the compression ratio could be increased to that used by overhead-valve engines before detonation intervened. The very hot poppet valve restricted the advancement of all internal combustion engines, so he turned his attention to eliminating it by use of the single sleeve-valve, this being developed with support from the Air Ministry. By the end of the Second World War some 130,000 such aero-engines had been built by Bristol, Napier and Rolls-Royce before the piston aero-engine was superseded by the gas turbine of Whittle. He even contributed to the success of the latter by developing a fuel control system for it.Concurrent with this was work on the diesel engine. He designed and developed the engine that halved the fuel consumption of London buses. He invented and perfected the "Comet" series of combustion chambers for diesel engines, and the Company was consulted by the vast majority of international internal combustion engine manufacturers. He published and lectured widely and fully deserved his many honours; he was elected FRS in 1929, was President of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in 1944–5 and was knighted in 1948. This shy and modest, though very determined man was highly regarded by all who came into contact with him. It was said that research into internal combustion engines, his family and boats constituted all that he would wish from life.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1948. FRS 1929. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1944–5.Bibliography1968, Memo \& Machines. The Pattern of My Life, London: Constable.Further ReadingSir William Hawthorne, 1976, "Harry Ralph Ricardo", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 22.JBBiographical history of technology > Ricardo, Sir Harry Ralph
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19 high
high [haɪ]1. adjectivea. haut• how high is that tower? quelle est la hauteur de cette tour ?• how high is the mountain? quelle est l'altitude de la montagne ?• to have the moral high ground ( = moral superiority) avoir l'avantage moralb. (in degree, number, strength) [frequency, latitude, tension] haut before n ; [speed, number] grand before n ; [rent, price] élevé ; [sound, voice] aigu (- guë f)• official reports say casualties have been high selon les rapports officiels, il y a beaucoup de morts et de blessés• to have high expectations of sb/sth beaucoup attendre de qn/qch• to have a high opinion of sb/sth avoir une haute opinion de qn/qch• in high gear en quatrième (or cinquième) vitesse► high in... [+ fat, nitrogen] à forte teneur en2. adverba. [climb, jump, throw] haut ; [fly] à haute altitude• how high can you jump? à quelle hauteur peux-tu sauter ?b. (in degree, number, strength) the numbers go as high as 200 les nombres montent jusqu'à 200• I had to go as high as $200 for it j'ai dû aller jusqu'à 200 dollars pour l'avoir• to play high [gambler] jouer gros (jeu)3. nouna. ( = high point) the cost of living reached a new high le coût de la vie a atteint un nouveau recordc. ( = weather system) zone f de haute pression4. compounds► high-class adjective [hotel, food, service] sélect ; [neighbourhood, flat] (de) grand standing ; [person] du grand monde ; [prostitute] de luxe► high fibre diet noun ( = régime) régime m riche en fibres ; ( = food eaten) alimentation f riche en fibres• to be on one's high horse être sur ses grands chevaux ► high-impact adjective [aerobics, exercise] high-impact inv► high-level adjective [meeting, discussions] à un très haut niveau ; [computer language, programming] de haut niveau► high-octane adjective [petrol] à indice d'octane élevé ; (figurative = powerful, exciting) puissant• the high point of the show/evening le clou du spectacle/de la soirée ► high-powered adjective [car] très puissant ; [person] de haut vol• high-powered businessman homme m d'affaires de haut vol ► high-pressure adjective à haute pression• high-pressure area zone f de haute pression ► high-profile adjective [position, politician] très en vue ; [role] très influent ; [issue] très discuté• high school diploma (US) diplôme m de fin d'études secondaires ≈ baccalauréat m → HIGH SCHOOL ► high seas plural noun• high-speed train train m à grande vitesse ► high-spirited adjective [person] plein d'entrain ; [horse] fougueux• in high spirits ( = lively) plein d'entrain ; ( = happy) tout joyeux ► high spot noun [of visit, holiday] grand moment m• to play for high stakes jouer gros jeu ► high street noun (British) [of village] grand-rue f ; [of town] rue f principale► high-tech adjective de haute technologie ; [computer] sophistiqué ; [industry, medicine, technique] de pointe━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━Dans le système juridique anglais et gallois, la High Court est une cour de droit civil chargée des affaires plus importantes et complexes que celles traitées par les « County Courts ». En Écosse en revanche, la High Court (of Justiciary) est la plus haute cour de justice, à laquelle les affaires les plus graves, telles que meurtre et viol, sont soumises et où elles sont jugées devant un jury.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━Aux États-Unis, les high schools réunissent les quatre années du deuxième cycle du secondaire (15 à 18 ans). Les élèves reçus à leur examen final se voient remettre leur diplôme au cours d'une importante cérémonie appelée « Graduation ».La vie des high schools a inspiré de nombreux films et téléfilms américains ; on y voit le rôle qu'y jouent les sports (en particulier le football et le basket-ball) et certaines manifestations mondaines comme le bal de fin d'année des élèves de terminale, le « Senior Prom ». → GRADE GRADUATION PROM━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━* * *[haɪ] 1.1)2) (colloq)to give somebody a high — [drug] défoncer (colloq) quelqu'un; [success] monter à la tête de quelqu'un
3) (colloq) US School = high school2.1) [building, wall, cliff] haut; [table, forehead, collar] haut (after n)high cheekbones — pommettes fpl saillantes
how high (up) are we? — ( on top of building) on est à combien de mètres au-dessus du sol?; (on plane, mountain) quelle est notre altitude?
2) [number, ratio, price, frequency, volume] élevé; [wind] violent; [hope, expectation] grand (before n)3) ( important) [quality, standard, rank] supérieur4) ( noble) [ideal, principle] noble5) ( acute) [pitch, sound, voice] aigu/-guë; [note] haut6) Culinary [game] faisandéto be high on — être défoncé à [drug]
3.to get high — se défoncer (colloq)
1) ( to a great height) hautto climb higher and higher — [person, animal] grimper de plus en plus haut; fig [figures, unemployment] augmenter de plus en plus
don't go any higher than £5,000 — ne dépasse pas 5000 livres sterling
from on high — gen d'en haut; Religion du Ciel
2) (at a high level, pitch) [set, turn on] fort; [sing, play] haut•• -
20 scale
5) шкала7) масштаб || определять масштаб, масштабировать; изменять масштаб; сводить к определённому масштабу8) мн. ч. весы9) чашка весов10) взвешивать11) электрон. степень интеграции12) вчт. система счисления13) пищ. чешуя; чешуйка; шелуха || удалять чешую; отделяться чешуйками•at scales — в масштабе;to scale down — 1. представлять что-л. в уменьшенном масштабе 2. редуцировать, уменьшать ( изображение) 3. (пропорционально) уменьшать размеры ( элементов ИС) 4. делить на константу;to scale off — 1. выкрашиваться, крошиться (о камне, горной породе) 2. отслаивать(ся); шелушиться 3. удалять окалину 4. отбивать накипь 5. снимать [измерять\] что-л. в масштабе;to draw to scale — чертить [вычерчивать\] в масштабе;to generate a time scale — строить [создавать\] шкалу времени;to maintain a time scale — поддерживать [хранить\] шкалу времени;to mark off a scale in logarithmic units — градуировать шкалу в логарифмических единицах;to place a scale on a dial — градуировать шкалу, наносить отметки шкалы на циферблат;to realize a time scale on a dial — воспроизводить шкалу времени на циферблате часов;to retain a scale — поддерживать [хранить\] шкалу (напр. времени);to scale up — 1. представлять что-л. в увеличенном масштабе 2. увеличивать ( изображение) 3. умножать на константу;scale with central zero — шкала с нулевой отметкой посередине, двусторонняя шкала;-
absolute-temperature scale
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aligning scale
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alkali-promoted steel mill scale
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annual time scale
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antiknock rating reference fuel scale
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antiparallax mirror scale
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API hydrometer scale
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API scale
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arbitrary scale
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arc scale
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atomic scale
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atomic time scale
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atomic weight scale
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automatic weighing scales
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automatic scales
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bagging scale
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batching scales
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beam scale
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Beaufort scale
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belt conveyor scales
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bench-type scales
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binary scale
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boiler scale
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brightness scale
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calibrated divided scale
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calibration scale
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car scales
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CCT-64 scale
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Celsius scale
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centered scale
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centigrade scale
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charging scales
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chromatic scale
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chroma scale
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circular scale
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clock time scale
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colorimetric scale
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color scale
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complete number scale
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constant-interval scale
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constant-pressure gas thermometry scale
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constant-volume gas thermometry scale
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constant-volume hydrogen scale
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continuous tone density scale
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convective scale
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conventional scale
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conveyor scales
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coordinate scale
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crane scales
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Curie-temperature scale
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curved scale
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CVGT scale
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decimal scale
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depth scale
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derived scale
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dial scale
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direct-measurement scale
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direct scale
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direct-reading scale
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displacement scale
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distance scale
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divided scale
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dot gain scale
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drawn-in scale
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electronic railcar scales
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Engler scale
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equidistant scale
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expanded scale
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exposure scale
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extended scale
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Fahrenheit scale
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finely subdivided scale
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fire scale
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fish scale
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flat-disk scale
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floodlight scale
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floor scales
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focusing scale
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Forel-Ula's color scale
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Forel scale
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forklift truck scales
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frosted scale
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fuel measurement scale
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full scale
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furnace scale
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Giaque's temperature scale
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gray scale
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hardness scale
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heavy scale
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helium temperature scale
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high-temperature scale
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hopper scales
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hue scale
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hump scales
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hydrogen scale
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hydrogen temperature scale
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ideal-gas scale
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illuminated scale
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image scale
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indicating scale
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indicator scale
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industrial scales
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instrument scale
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integration scale
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intensity scale
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International Practical Temperature scale
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international scale
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Kelvin temperature scale
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light-capacity scales
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line scale
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linear scale
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line-standard scale
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logarithmic scale
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loudness scale
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low-temperature scale
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magnetic scale
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magnetic temperature scale
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magnetic-acoustic temperature scale
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magnitude scale
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margin scale
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mean-time scale
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measuring device scale
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mechanical scales
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Mercalli scale
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meter scale
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mill-roll scale
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mired scale
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mirror scale
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MM scale
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Modified Mercalli scale
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Mohs scale
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motor-truck scales
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natural scale
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Nernst hydrogen scale
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nominal scale
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nonglare scale
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nonlinear scale
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normal hydrogen scale
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normalizing scale
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number scale
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numbered scale
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octane scale
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one-meter scale
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optical scale
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ordinal scale
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overhead track scales
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overlaid scale
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packing house scales
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paper scale
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paraffin scale
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paramagnetic-salt temperature scale
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paramagnetic temperature scale
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pendulum scales
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photometric scale
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physical scale
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pipe scale
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pitless scales
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platform scales
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platinum resistance thermometer scale
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practical salinity scale
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practical scale
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precision scale
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primary scale
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primary thermometry scale
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projection scale
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provisional scale
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pyrheliographic scale
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radiation scale of temperature
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radiometric scale
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Rankine scale
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ratio scale
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reading scale
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Reaumur scale
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receiver tuning scale
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recording scales
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reduced scale
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reduction scale
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Redwood scale
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reference scale
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regular scale
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relative scale
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reproducible scale
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reproduction scale
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resistance thermometer scale
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Richter scale
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rider bar scale
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rider scale
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Rinman scale
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Rockwell hardness scale
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roll scale
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rolled-in scale
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Rossi-Forel scale
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salt-pan scale
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Saybolt scale
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scale of magnification
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scale of physical quantity
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scale of turbulence
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seasonal time scale
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secondary scale
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segmental scale
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sensitivity scale
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set-point scale
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Shore hardness scale
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sieve scale
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snow scale
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soft dot scale
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solid hydrocarbon scale
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space-time scale
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splash scale
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spring scales
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standard scale
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state of sea scale
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static scales
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straight scale
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subgrid scale
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subsynoptic scale
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synoptic scale
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table-type scales
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temper scale
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temperature scale
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thermodynamic pressure scale
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thermodynamic temperature scale
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time scale
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tone scale
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tonnage scale
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total life scale
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track scales
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transparent aligning scale
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uniform scale
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unit-weight scales
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universal-time scale
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vernier scale
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Vickers hardness scale
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water scale
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white scale
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yarn scales
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См. также в других словарях:
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